name="reglas-de-logaritmos">Reglas de logaritmos: explicación y ejemplos
What is a logarithm? Why do we study them? And what are their rules and laws?
To start with, the logarithm of a number ‘b’ can be defined as the power or exponent to which another number ‘a’ must be raised to produce the result equal to the number b.
We can represent this statement symbolically as;
Similarly, we can define the logarithm of a number as the inverse of its exponents. For instance, log a b = n can be represented exponentially as; a n = b.
Therefore, we can conclude that;
Although logarithms are taught in schools to simplify computation involving large numbers, they still have a significant role in our daily lives.
Let’s see some of these applications of logarithms:
- We use logarithms to measure the acidity and alkalinity of chemical solutions.
- Measurement of earthquake intensity is performed on the Richter scale using logarithms.
- The level of noise is measured in dB (decibels) on a logarithmic scale.
- Exponential processes such as the decay of ratio active isotopes, growth of bacteria, the spread of an epidemic in a population, and cooling of a dead body are analyzed using logarithms.
- A logarithm is used to calculate the payment period of a loan.
- In calculus, the logarithm is used to differentiate complex problems and determine the area under curves.
Like exponents, logarithms have rules and laws that work the same way as the rules of exponents. It is important to note that the laws and rules of logarithms apply to logarithms of any base. However, the same base must be used throughout a calculation.
We can use laws and rules of logarithms to perform the following operations:
- Changing logarithmic functions to exponential form.
- Adición
- Sustracción
- Multiplicación
- División
- Expanding and condensing
- Solving logarithmic equations.
name="laws-of-logarithms">Laws of logarithms
The logarithmic expressions can be written in different ways but under certain laws called laws of logarithms. These laws can be applied on any base, but during a calculation, the same base is used.
The four basic laws of logarithms incluyen:
The first law of logarithms state that the sum of two logarithms is equal to the product of the logarithms. The first law is represented as;
Ejemplo:
Subtraction of two logarithms A and B is equal to dividing the logarithms.
Ejemplo:
Ejemplo:
⟹ log bx = (log ax) / (log ab)
name="reglas-de-logaritmos">Reglas de logaritmos
Logarithms are a very disciplined field of mathematics. They are always applied under certain rules and regulations.
Following rules needed to be remembered while playing with logarithms:
- Given that an= b ⇔ log a b = n, the logarithm of the number b is only defined for positive real numbers.
Ejemplos
- 32 = 9 ⇔ log 3 9 = 2
- 54 = 625 ⇔ log 5 625 = 4
- 70 = 1 ⇔ log 7 1 = 0
- 2-3 = 1/8 ⇔ log 2 (1/8) = -3
- 10-2 = 0.01 ⇔ log 1001 = -2
- 26 = 64 ⇔ log 2 64 = 6
- 3-4 = 1/34 = 1/81 ⇔ log 3 1/81 = -4
- 10-2 = 1/100 = 0.01 ⇔ log 1001 = -2
Ejemplos
- Logarithms to the base of 10 are referred to as common logarithms. When a logarithm is written without a subscript base, we assume the base to be 10.
Ejemplos
- Logarithm to the base ‘e’ is called natural logarithms. The constant e is approximated as 2.7183. Natural logarithms are expressed as ln x, which is the same as log e
- The logarithmic value of a negative number is imaginary.
- El logaritmo de 1 en cualquier base finita distinta de cero es cero.
a0=1 ⟹ log a 1 = 0.
Ejemplo:
Ejemplos
Evaluate the following expression.
Solución
Applying the product rule law, we get;
log 2 8 + log 2 4 = log 2 (8 x 4)
Rewrite 32 in exponential form to get the value of its exponent.
Therefore, 5 is the correct answer
Solución
This is a subtraction expression; therefore, we apply the quotient rule law.
log 3 162 – log 3 2 = log 3 (162/2)
Write the argument in exponential form
Por lo tanto, la respuesta es 4.
Expanda la expresión logarítmica a continuación.
Solución
log 3 (27x 2 y 5) = log 3 27 + log 3 x2 + log 3 y5
= log 3 (9) + log 3 (3) + 2log 3 x + 5log 3 y
= 3 + log 3 (3) + 2log 3 x + 5log 3 y
Calculate the value of log√2 64.
Solución
Solve for x if log 0.1 (0.0001) = x
Solución
⟹ log0.1(0.0001) = log0.1(0.1)4
Find the value of x given, 2log x = 4log3
Solución
2logx = 4log3
Solución
Reescribe la ecuación en forma exponencial
Simplificar.
Subtract both sides of the equation by 6
Solve log x +log (x−1) = log (3x + 12)
Solución
⇒ log [x (x − 1)] = log (3x + 12)
Apply the distributive property to remove brackets.
Since argument of a logarithm cannot be negative, then the correct answer is x = 6.
Evaluate ln 32 – ln (2x) = ln 4x
Solución
Divida ambos lados por 8 para obtener;
Since, we cannot have the logarithm of a negative number, then x = 2 remains to be the correct answer.
name="preguntas-de-pr-ctica">Preguntas de práctica
- Evaluate log 4 64 + log 4 16
- log 3 14−2log 3 5
- Evaluate 2 log35 + log3 40 – 3 log3 10
- Condense log 24 + log 2 5
- Expand log3(xy3/√z)
- Condense the following expression 5 ln x + 13 ln (x3+ 5) – 1/2 ln (x + 1)
- Simplify log a28 – log a 4 as a single logarithm
- Solve for the value of log 5 8 + 5 (1/1000)
- Solve for x in the logarithm 3log 5 2 = 2log 5 X
- Rewrite log12 + log 5 as a single logarithm